Facts About Ellis Island

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Ellis Island is predominant as that miniature island off of New York City where immigrants to the United States were processed. It has a very tantalizing and rather unique history.

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Prior to the Revolutionary War, the island had many separate names - together with Kioshk (Gull) Island, Oyster Island, Dyre's Island and Bucking Island. And after a group of pirates were hung on the island, it became known as Gigget Island.

Shortly before the Revolutionary War, the island was acquired by Samuel Ellis, a New York merchant. He ran a small tavern on the island to cater to all the folks - primarily fishermen - who made their living on the waters in and around the island. In 1808, the heirs of Samuel Ellis sold the island to New York State. New York State sold it to the federal government later that year. Straight through these transfers and up to the present, it has maintained the name Ellis Island.

As an tantalizing bit of lore, Ellis Island (and freedom Island - which was at one time known as Bedloe's Island) resided on the New Jersey side of the shipping lanes in the 1800s and it took an interstate trade forged in 1834 to get them formally declared as part of New York State.

From the mid 1800s until 1890, Ellis Island was used as a soldiery arsenal. But in 1890, the United States Congress allocated ,000 to build the first Federal Immigration hub on Ellis Island. (Prior to this, all immigration was handled by the personel states.) While Ellis Island's immigration hub was being built, the island was also growing physically. All the waste from building New York City subway tunnels was dumped at Ellis Island, growing it from its original three acres to six acres in size.

The Ellis Island Immigration hub was officially opened on January 1, 1892. The first immigrant to pass Straight through the gates of Ellis Island was Annie Moore, a 15 year old from Cork County, Ireland. In fact that first day, 700 immigrants were processed and in its first year, it processed roughly 450,000 immigrants.

On June 15, 1897 disaster struck and the wood constructed Immigration hub burned down. Fortunately no one died but millions of immigration records were destroyed as the records room became engulfed in flames.

The hub reopened on December 17, 1900. This new hub was built with red brick and limestone for a cost of .5 million and was built to be fireproof. In rebuilding it, they built it larger than before so that it could deal with a volume of 5,000 new immigrants every day - an estimate that was highly stressed while the immigration surge prior to World War I. In fact, in 1907, Ellis Island handled a report estimate of immigrants - a report that stands for all time. It processed 1,004,756 immigrants - with its peak day report being 11,747 immigrants on April 17, 1907.

During World War I, Ellis Island became a dual purpose location. Since immigration was severely curtailed while the war, much of the installation was used by the Army and Navy as a way hub and a installation to take care of sick American servicemen. Once the war was over, immigration again rapidly ramped up and by 1921, 560,971 immigrants passed Straight through its doors - as compared to a low of 28,867 in 1918.

1921 also was the year that spelled the death knell for Ellis Island. That was the year that the United States Congress passed the first of some Immigration Quota laws that severely restricted the estimate of immigrants allowed entry into the United States. By 1924, Ellis Island went from being the place where immigrants were welcomed to America to the place where illegal immigrants were held until they could be deported back to their home countries.After being used as a keeping town for illegal immigrants and discrete detention and assistance activities while World War Ii, Ellis Island was finally decommissioned from all use in November of 1954.

In 1976, it was opened for tours under the auspices of the National Park assistance and on September 10, 1990, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum opened. To date, over 20 million people have visited and toured the exhibits - roughly as many as the estimated 25 million immigrants who passed Straight through its doors from 1892 to 1924.

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